But you did not rest on your laurels. Aha. 0:16:13 AR: And some time over the life of those two stars, mass may transfer from one star to the other. Still would bother me. That is what potentially tells us more about the universe. The universe is expanding faster than it used to, meaning it's about a billion years younger than we thought, a new study by a Nobel Prize winner says. One is before the radiation from the Big Bang comes out to us, and the other is in the late universe. And by comparing the past expansion rate to the present expansion rate, we could infer how much the expansion was slowing down, at least that’s what we thought, that it would be slowing down, the attractive gravity of all the stuff in the universe would slow it down. That’s why we continue to improve the measurements, but that’s why it’s a fundamentally different and potentially much more exciting possibility than the “less filling tastes great” argument. Let me, before we keep moving on, you mentioned the Hubble Space Telescope. And so what we do is we take the most vanilla versions of those, in the case of dark matter, we say, okay, it looks like a particle for various reasons. Unfortunately, it turns out stars are very far away, and so the angle, the parallax angle, that angle through which a star moves, often becomes very, very small. And of course, as you put together a number of steps, any error you make in one step will propagate up the measurement chain. Therefore, let’s change today.” But people seem to be saying that that’s harder to do than to add some new things to the early universe. And I think the jury’s still out at that level. It takes 20 days to go from explosion to maximum, and we see that period elongated by exactly the amount you would expect because of the expansion of space, in some cases, up to double or even triple the normal time interval. I think… My understanding usually is inflation is a generic enough phenomenon that they don’t necessarily prove that inflation occurred at this point. There is the one that we think gave rise to inflation, there’s the one that accelerates the universe today. But as I said, they have a little mass, so they don’t quite travel at the speed of light. So Adam and Brian were two people who shared the Nobel Prize with Saul Perlmutter for discovering the acceleration of the universe. It’s in between.” That’s not very satisfying because, for the most part, saying that there’s a tension between 67 and 73, you don’t escape that by saying, “Well, the answer is in the middle because both ends don’t like that very much.”. This is an idea in the very early universe, super rapid expansion. I was interested in it at the time. It was in between.” And so they’ll say, “Oh, is it 67 or 73? Possible related people for Adam Ruess include Brian Knight Ruess, Natasha Ellis Ruess, Tatiana Isabella Ruess, Emily Lynn Daufeldt, Terri L Frauenholtz, and many others. What do we know about that? So I think it is something that will tell us something about the universe around us, but whether that’s local about the astrophysics of objects in the universe or whether it’s something more about the actual physics like gravity, I don’t know. Let me, before we keep moving on, you mentioned the Hubble Space Telescope. And so the fact that’s it’s an itty-bitty car, you say, “It looks like 100 yards away.” If I ask you, “How fast is it traveling?” you would have a very hard time judging that, especially if it’s coming directly at you. Why is lambda, as we call it, so small? Is there a thing that you can say like, if we just made the universe expand a little faster because there was more energy density at early times, that solves all of our problems, or is it more subtle than that? Let’s think about this.” And so in some sense, the observations were confirmed by theory, as they say. 0:31:21 AR: Well, that’s right, because I would say it depends a little bit about your model. 0:06:08 AR: Correct. That’s right. Henrietta Leavitt made this very important realization that because all the Cepheids she was looking at were in one location far away from us, but in one location, that she noticed the ones that were more luminous had the longer periods. And so what we do is we take the most vanilla versions of those, in the case of dark matter, we say, okay, it looks like a particle for various reasons. 0:05:07 SC: Adam Riess, welcome to the Mindscape Podcast. And so this allowed her to recognize that they didn’t just look brighter, they actually were brighter. 1:04:10 AR: You know, I mean, you’d be crazy not to say that. Well, it’s 70. 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