epistle to the galatians

 

In both addresses, before both friend and foe, his purpose is to offer his conversion as the greatest proof of his discipleship and the truth of his doctrine that a man is saved by faith and not by works. He sets forth his doctrine of justification by faith to refute the Judaizers and as a vehicle of the Spirit to bring the Galatians back from their apostasy. It is not surprising, then, that strong-minded Jewish people became vigorous Judaizers. Interpretationally, there is a great contribution to the understanding of the gospel and its practical implications. St. Paul's Epistle to the Galatians. Q. The Epistle to the Galatians is the charter of Evangelical faith. Everything in the letter is gathered about the theme of freedom in the grace of God, whether it be Paul’s own biography, his altercation with Peter, the works of a Christian (Gal 2:19-21), the case of Abraham, the desires of the flesh and the compulsion of the Spirit, the doctrine of love, or forgiveness (6:15). His first journey took him much farther W, so he must have witnessed in this area during his so-called “silent years.” All the while the pressure between the (gospel of) “freedom men” and the “legal men” was building up until it reached the heated pitch of the Galatian polemic. If Paul were detailing his visits to Jerusalem, he certainly would not exclude specific mention of the Apostolic Council. Galatians explains in Spirit inspire words the wonders of the Gospel, contrasting the liberty which Grace provides to the one who trusts Christ & is motivated by His love, compared with the restrictions of the Law. If this is true then, he did not evangelize in Galatia until after his second visit to Jerusalem and therefore, Galatians 2:1-10 must refer to the famine visit with evangelization of Galatia (Acts 13, 14) sometime later. 4: 5; cited in Lightfoot, Galatians, 15. cf. 31 F.F. It is either north Galatia or south; cf. Now let’s take a brief look at arguments in favor of the South theory and raise objections to the North at the same time: (1) as was pointed out above, the term Galatia may have been commonly used around the first century to refer to the region in the North, but this was not uniformly the case. Those who hold to the South Galatia position often point out that Paul’s argument in Galatians 2, wherein Barnabas is mentioned three times (vs. 1, 9, 13), is severely weakened if the Galatians were of the North and did not know Barnabas personally24; (7) the letter to the Galatians is a polemic against certain Judaizers. Who was a Judaizer and why was he called thus? Martin Luther, claimed Galatians as ‘my epistle. Were all God’s covenants, rites, symbols, His relationship to the Commonwealth of Israel, and everything else to be discarded just because Christ came? As with the Second Epistle to the Corinthians, a large part of this letter is taken up with proofs of the apostle’s Divine authority. The situation was brought about by the teaching of Jesus Himself on the law, the doctrine of grace and of God’s love for all men, on the one hand; and, on the other, by the mixture of Jews and Gentiles in the early Christian churches. Messiah had come. For a clear understanding of Christianity there is no better introduction than Galatians. This interpretation of the destination opened the door for the possibility that the letter preceded the Jerusalem Council. When we do this we find that it is Paul’s custom to generally refer to places by Roman provincial titles. Should we locate them in the territory of the former kingdom of Galatia or somewhere else in the more extensive Roman province of Galatia, which included the former kingdom and much additional territory? There are, Paul says, many fruits of the flesh, but the Christian is under grace and empowered by the Spirit of God Himself, to do good, a much greater power than any human attitude or desire. For example, it is not likely that Gentile Christians or Jewish proselytes would so vehemently stress circumcision (5:2) or that they would boast over those whom they had led to circumcision (6:12). The point is, if the agitators could undermine the credibility of the messenger (i.e., Paul), they could undermine the credibility of his message (i.e., a gospel without need for Jewish ceremonialism, etc.). The subject matter of this treatise of the Gospel involves every man and his eternal salvation or judgment. Characteristics and special features. . He said of the letter: “The Epistle to the Galatians is my own little epistle. The Epistle to the Galatians. In fact, Guthrie says that the “date of the epistle depends on the decision regarding its destination.”10 Generally speaking those who hold to a North Galatia theory, date the book on or about the time of Paul’s Ephesian ministry, ca. Indeed, it appears that this argument is more crucial to the North Galatia view; (6) Paul and Barnabas were together on the first missionary journey (cf. Biblical scholars both ancient and modern attest to the Pauline authorship. They must be counteracted; it takes only a little leaven to spoil the whole group (Gal 5:9). Posted on September 9, 2013 by Robert Guinn. It fairly crackles with indignation though it is not the anger of personal pique but of spiritual principle. But this implies that the phrase toV provteron carries the idea of “former” only. 23 Gutherie, New Testament Introduction, (p. 469) says Moffatt takes 'Syria and Cilicia' together indicating a Roman province. King Amyntas (36-25 b.c.) The Epistle To The Galatians Introduction AUTHOR The apostle Paul (1:1; 5:2).This was the unanimous view of the early church, and even those modern critics who challenge the authorship of many of the New Testament books concede that Galatians is So certain is he of the Gospel’s freedom that he even opposed the respected and renowned Apostle Peter about his vacillation between Jews and Gentiles. The purpose of the law was never to save, but to convince man that his salvation is from God. The internal evidence is just as strong and certain as the witness from without. Today, however, most scholars believe that Paul wrote his letter to the churches in the southern part of the province of Galatia. (5) Barnabas is mentioned in the letter as a person well-known to the readers but he was with Paul only on the first missionary journey as far as is know n. (6) In 1 Corinthians 16:1, where Paul speaks of Galatia, he evidently has in mind the southern section because Derbe is included (Acts 20:1-4). The term is derived from a coined Lat. The Jerusalem brethren asked Barnabas to journey to Antioch and to assist and lead the work. Essays, p. 237, perceived, the inferior MSS. The Application: Persistence in Doing Good to All People (6:9-10), 1E. Thus we cannot necessarily appeal to that, except as corroborating evidence; (2) the book of Acts records no churches in the north, but it does record the spread of the Pauline gospel in the South; (3) As Boice22 points out, Paul seems to prefer provincial titles when referring to churches (cf. Christianity, like Judaism, was for Jews only. The letter begins by naming him as its author (1:1). For you have heard of my former life in Judaism, how I persecuted the church of God violently and tried to destroy it; and I advanced in Judaism beyond many of my own age among my people, so extremely zealous was I for the tradition of my fathers. Epistle to the Galatians book. It was easy for them to operate in the church which was in the stage of transition from a Jewish nationalistic group to a Gentile—Jewish membership, whether the Jews or the Gentiles were in a majority in a given congregation. Who were the recipients of Paul’s epistle to the Galatians? Paul would long remember the work of these “Judaizers,” or “lovers of law,” as we call them today. Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible . He Did Not Go Up to Jerusalem To See Other Apostles (1:17a), 4D. 1. Here the apostle was stoned; Derbe was next, the quiet receptive city—but everywhere it was much the same as it was in Iconium: “But the people of the city were divided; some sided with the Jews, and some with the apostles” (Acts 14:2-4). See also F.F.Bruce, “The Epistle to the Galatians: A Commentary on the Greek Text” in The New International Greek Testament Commentary, (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1982), 43—”The dating of the letter in the context of Acts will depend partly on whether the addressees are regarded as 'South Galatians' or 'North Galatians.'“. At the same time Paul made it plain that the Gospel was no addendum to Judaism, no mere supplement to the law, but the end and fulfillment of the law and the antithesis to it. ii. The Natural Son Will Not Share in Inheritance (4:30), 4 D. Conclusion: Christians Are of the Free Woman (4:31), IVA. These people came in “Just as I am, without one plea”; they took the apostles at their word. He knew that they were striking at the very heart of the Gospel. No one wanted to deny a Gentile the privileges of membership, but surely there was more to it than just believing. * Letter to the Galatians: For over twenty-five years Bob Enyart has studied God"s Word praying for the wisdom to share the truth of Scripture with a lost and dying world.Now you can benefit from this very exciting Bible study. They left the island and headed for the mainland of Asia Minor. In this letter then, the apostle’s great theme is Christian liberty which praises the grace of God. Read this work The importance of this Commentary on Galatians for the history of Protestantism is very great. He Was Called and Commissioned by God (1:15-16a), 3E. Would faith not lead to license instead of liberty? were Jewish (Christ came for the Jews, too; the kingdom was for all men). He immediately sat down and wrote these churches the firm and passionate letter which we know as Galatians. word Iudaizo meaning “to be or live like a Jew.” It is a religious designation rather than a national description. Book 9 of the New Testament. Through the Temporary Nature of the Law (3:23-29), 1C. This early Christian scripture is one of the books militant in the world’s literature. 2 Merrill C. Tenney, Galatians: The Charter of Christian Liberty (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1950). See Authorship of the Pauline Epistles for more details." Most are in agreement that the famine visit took place around A.D. 46.26 If one adds up the years Paul mentions in Galatians 1:18 and 2:1, one has 17 years. Many have characterized the letter as a “short Romans.” 50-54). The epistle was a favorite of Luther. There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free, there is neither male nor female; for you are all one in Christ Jesus” (3:25-28). The Epistle to the Galatians is one of Paul’s greatest and most important letters. Bible students have called the territory of Old Galatia the “Territory Hypothesis,” Geographical Galatia, Galatia Proper, Ethnographical Galatia and Northern Galatia. Fourth, in Galatians 1:21 Paul says that he visited Syria and Cilicia. The Ethical Context: Visible Evidence (5:19-23), 1D. Proof #2: When Paul Was Called and Commissioned…(1:15-17), 1D. One can also explain Paul’s altercation with Peter (Gal 2:11) with greater ease if this took place before the first church council. Third, Paul appears to be listing his visits to Jerusalem, in succession25 since his conversion. The Natural Son Persecutes Son Born of Promise/Spirit (4:28-29), 2E. Galatians, Epistle to the synonyms, Galatians, Epistle to the pronunciation, Galatians, Epistle to the translation, English dictionary definition of Galatians, Epistle to the. 40:4 (1958): 264-294. and Ph.D. from Dallas Theological Seminary. Paul ends Galatians with a comment on this key point. The first view has been called the “Northern Galatian Theory” by Biblical scholars. Paul, an apostle, not of men, neither by man, but by Jesus Christ, and God the Father, who raised him from the dead, And all the brethren who are with me, to the churches of Galatia. This would fit well with dating the letter before the Jerusalem Council.30. The extent of the inner division was beginning to be felt outwardly. Many scholars have argued that the events described in Galatians 2:1-10 reflect Paul’s visit to Jerusalem outlined in Acts 15. 8. First, it is very difficult to conceive Paul not mentioning the favorable decree of the council in his letter to the Galatian churches if he indeed knew it. such as p74 a A B C2 D E. 21 cf. Through Carrying Others’ Burdens (6:1-2), 2C. Introduction: Abraham’s Two Sons by Hagar and Sarah (4:21-23), 2D. The news of Judaizers’ success caused great turmoil and even tempestuous anger in the apostle’s heart. Astounding events in Salamis and Paphos! All of the personal and historical references in the first two chapters fit perfectly into the mission activity and life of Paul recorded in Acts. I am afraid I have labored over you in vain.” His words in 4:19-21 seem to bear this out because he lashes out with all his might against every desire and act of fleshly libertinism. pl.n. He has a passion to teach and disciple others, and holds a Th.M. In chapter 5 the apostle defends the other end of the valley—he fights off the antinomian who would say, “Yes, Paul, let us teach faith and not law and works—what do you have then? Only Gentiles could join Israel, Israelites could never join Gentiles. His letter to the Galatians, as it did in Galatia, has blocked the path of many a man who since then would change Christianity into a new paganism or another type of Judaism. The Spirit of God, says Paul, not the “beggardly elemental spirits” are in control of man and his destiny through the power of love and faith (cf. The obvious reason for this situation is that from every possible consideration—ancient attestation, the literary style, the doctrinal content, the historical background, literary analysis—the letter leaves no room for doubt. The Allegory: Two Women and Two Covenants (4:24-27), 2E. No one denied that the law was given by God and that it was divine. The Epistle to the Galatians. But, the interpretive question is: “Where is the 'Galatia' to which Paul refers?” Some say the term refers to Galatia in a geographical sense (i.e., the North theory and churches in Ancyra, Pessinus and Tavium) while others say it refers to Galatia as the Roman provincial title7 (i.e., the South theory and churches in Antioch [Pisidia], Iconium [Phrygia], Lystra, Derbe).8 F. F. Bruce summarizes the heart of the issue with respect to the destination of the epistle, The question before us is: Where were these churches and who were the Galatians? also Bruce, Galatian Problems, 2: 49. Epistle to the Galatians, Paul and Pauline Studies; GALATIANS--A Commentary by Martin Luther. Receiving the Spirit: By Law or by Faith? GALATIANS, EPISTLE TO THE Significance This short and fiery work of Paul is significant for several reasons. The law tells a man what sin is. Only the Spirit gives life. For he who sows to his own flesh will from the flesh reap corruption, but he who sows to the Spirit will from the Spirit reap eternal life” (Gal 6:7, 8). . The destination of the letter appears to have been in the region of the South, including most likely the churches of Antioch (Pisidia), Iconium (Phrygia), Lystra, Derbe and vicinity. Scholars who support the Southern Galatian Theory generally place the writing of the letter just before the Apostolic Council. As he had never to defend his teaching to these points against Judaizers, and as the Epistle is so early, it is clear that his teaching was identical with that of the Twelve, and did not, even in appearance, lend itself to attack. See Table at Bible. It was fought by Judaizers supposedly on theological or Scriptural grounds. To Be Aware of the Judaizers’ Motives (4:17-20), 1E. officials and magicians. Answers to these questions have caused a great deal of discussion in the past half cent. He says that “we hold, then, that the Epistle to the Galatians is primarily addressed to the churches in South Galatia,” but allows for it also to be sent to the disciples in the north (cf. This is true liberty—doing the will of the Spirit of God from the compulsion of the Gospel. F. F. Bruce “Galatians” in The New International Greek Testament Commentary, 11 says this antiquarianism is uncharacteristic of Luke. To which visit in Acts,14 if any,15 does the visit in Galatians 2 relate? The Statement: The Law Does Not Set Aside Covenant/Promise (3:17), 2D. 10 Gutherie, New Testament Introduction, 472. Through the Abrahamic Covenant (3:15-18), 1C. Includes the Gift of the Spirit (4:6), 8B. Parallels in his letters, such as the use of Abraham and the OT, are easily found: “Abraham ‘believed God, and it was reckoned to him as righteousness’” (3:6; Rom 4:3-5); or the Jew-Gentile dilemma as exposed in his opposition to Peter: “If you, though a Jew, live like a Gentile and not like a Jew, how can you compel the Gentiles to live like Jews?” (2:14; Eph 2:4-19); or the discussion of circumcision (2:12; 5:2-6; 6:12-16; Rom 4:9-12); his teaching of the Holy Spirit (5:16-25; Rom 5:5) or his ethical teaching based upon the gospel of faith and freedom (5:13-23; Col 3:1-11) all of which match the teaching, and often the phraseology, of Paul exactly. if it were still in the Jewish synagogue. This view is attractive, on the one hand, in that it does not need to be 'fitted' directly with particular statements in the text of Acts, but may, on the other, simply be an attempt to put to rest the tension between Luke and Paul on this point by giving up on a harmony of the known data. Paul’s Epistle to the Galatians . At the end of the letter the apostle takes the pen from the scribe and attests the truth of the document by inscribing his own name in his own hand. It contains in substance what the apostle taught and which he had received by divine revelation ( Gal 1:12 ). This places Paul’s conversion around A.D. 30, which obviously does not even allow enough time for the growth of the church mentioned in Acts 2-8. Letter of Paul to the Galatians, ninth book of the New Testament, written by Saint Paul the Apostle to Christian churches that were disturbed by a Judaizing faction. Both Jew and Gentile have joined Christ and the one new church, on an equal basis. Many believed in the risen Lord. The Hortatory Context: The General Command (5:16), 1D. The Statement: Those of Faith Are Sons of Abraham (3:7), 2D. The Principle Proper: The Spirit and the Flesh (6:8), 1E. The nomenclature “Galatia” was used for centuries to designate the territory in the N and central part of Asia Minor to which a large number of Gauls migrated (or invaded) from Europe about 275 b.c. Here we shall present Paul's epistle to the Galatians, and before doing so we must establish the identity of the Galatians whom Paul was writing to. If a Jew became a Christian, naturally he must bring Judaism with him into the Christian faith. iii-v) Ridderbos, Herman N. The Epistle of Paul to the Churches of Galatia. In chapters 3 and 4 Paul lays out an experiential and theological argument for the purity and accuracy of his gospel. The Theological Reason for the Rebuke (2:15-21), 1E. According to an accepted order of events, however, the first missionary journey intervened (Acts 13:1-14:28). Bruce, Galatian Problems, 4: 266. There is better evidence to suggest that Acts 11:27-30 is the visit related in Galatians 2:1-10. The character of the epistles’ Galatians suggest the north. He penned Galatians to plead with all Christians to take only the Damascus Road—any other road leads to “another gospel.” These events preceding the writing of Galatians help explain the letter itself and make it clear that only such a man could have written it. It contains in substance what the apostle taught and which he had received by divine revelation (Gal 1:12). The Judaizers. Cursed Is the Person Who Does Not Obey the Whole Law (3:10), 2D. If the epistle was not written until Paul visited the northern Galatian territory on his second or third journey and long after the Apostolic Council, the epistle would have a much later date and be written to unknown readers. Perhaps they even continued in their old ways. Sermons From Galatians 2 The Epistle To The Galatians Table Of Contents To The Churches Of Galatia (1:1-2) 3 Deliverance From An Evil Age (1:3-5) 6 Perversions Of The Gospel (1:6-10) 9 Paul’s Remarkable Conversion (1:11-24) 12 Acts 9:1-19) and before King Agrippa in Caesarea (Acts 26:1-32) and defends his doctrine of salvation by faith. For Paul the mixing of a tiny requirement of man’s obedience to any law shakes the foundation of salvation by grace alone. Let’s begin with a cursory look at the arguments for the destination of the letter. 25 This seems to be the force of the pavlin in Galatians 2:1. All of this strife for the new convert against his former “friends” makes up the marrow of the Galatian letter and gives it the light and heat of newfound freedom in Christ. Gutherie makes the distinction that Paul is referring to his own travels, not the location of churches. The first mission odyssey began—a portent of many more to come. 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